week 17

Title:  Submit FYP report 

Objective:  To submit Hardcover  FYP report  to the library and supervisor 

Analysis/Discussion: For this week, I need to print my FYP report and make a hardcover and submit to supervisor and library. before sent to library i must need approval from supervisor and after that i need to meet  FYP coordinator the check the FYP report if any error in my report, after getting approval from FYP coordinator, the softcopy for the report must burn in cd and upload in the FYP website online. this is the task to finish the fyp task that is required to finish.  

Conclusion: As a conclusion, I have finished all the task for FYP 2. First, i meet my supervisor to submit my FYP2 report then I meet Dr. marwangi to get approval submit my report to the library. my FYP 2 is done with success   

week 16

Title:   Making a complete report 

Objective:  To make a complete report and check plagiarism

Analysis/Discussion:  For this week, I do the progress report, I concentrated on the making of chapter 5  which is the conclusion and future recommendation and ade part is a reference . for the chapter 5  I make a conclusion for my final year project. In chapter 5, I also added the recommendation for next development project  . for the reference i added 10 journals as a reference for my final year report. After complete the report every student must check the plagiarism. the plagiarism must below than 20 percent.  figure below shows that the progress for this week. 

Figure 1: Chapter 5

Figure 2: plagiarism  

Conclusion: as a conclusion, for this week I manage to complete the report for my final year project. Beside that my plagiarism 16 percent which is below than 20 percent, and submit the draft to my supervisor.  

week 15

Title:  progress report 

Objective:  To added some in chapter 3 and result for chapter 4 

Analysis/Discussion:  For this week, I do the progress report, I concentrated on the making of chapter 3  and chapter 4  which means the result. for the chapter 3  I also add new components in chapter 3. In chapter 3, I started the steps in executing my prototype from the coding progress, circuit progress until the troubleshooting. for the chapter  4 for the proposal, I put the expected result, and for this semester i put the actual result i get couple week ago and presentation last week. the figure below shows that the progress for this week. 

Figure 1: Chapter  3

Figure 2: Chapter 4

Conclusion: as a conclusion, this week i manage to finish the chapter 3 and chapter 4 in my final year report. 

week 14

Title:  Industrial Day

Objective:  To present the project 

Analysis/Discussion: 

After we spend 13 weeks to complete the FYP project, today is the day where we will present the landmower project to everyone in Unikl BMI in which it will  be assessed by our assessors, Prof. Badri and Dr Syed Faiz. I have already prepared everything that i learnt for 13 weeks and hoping that everything will run smoothly. During the assessing process, i have learned many valuable knowledge from our assessor based on my project as they gave their suggestions and ideas of the project. 

 

Conclusion:     as a conclusion, the presentation went well and I am very proud with myself because i managed to get through the hardest part of the project that is the presentation day successfully. The knowledge that i have gained in making this project is very useful and i take it as an experience and for the benefit of my future development. 

week 13

Title: Making the Presentation Poster

Objective:  To design the poster for the presentation day

Analysis/Discussion: 

As for this week, I need to design a poster for the presentation day to be presented in a week time. The poster will include the objective of the project, project descriptions, methodology, flowchart of the progress, result together with the conclusion and reference. the poster will discuss on the process of making the landmower.  i started with the objective followed by the project descriptions, conclusion and reference. after that, i include the methodology and flowchart and the result to conclude the picture of the process. this one by one step needs to be arranged accordingly as it is very important because it will give a clear picture of my project to the accessors that will evaluate me on the presentation day.

I have made the draft of the poster and show it to my supervisor so that she can give her opinion and suggestion in where I should improve. 

Conclusion:    
In a conclusion, I have finalized the poster and printed it out for the presentation day after my supervisor has satisfied with my work. 

week 12

Title:  Collect data 

Objective:  To make the data from the land mower   

Analysis/Discussion:  As for this week, I have made some testing to make the data as an evidence for the approval from and compare with the calculation.

calculation : 
 P=IV
2 motor dc = 1.6 A
battery capacity = 7.2 Ah
solar panel 12v 10w = 0.83A


 charger :
 7.2/0.83 = 8 hour

discharge :
7.2/1.6 = 5 hour

that in theory calculation result is as expected result. in a practical way, I got a discharge in 3 hours, This is because in the calculation I did not include the motor for the cutter and also when the land mower is too heavy the motor tyre will use high torque in which it will contribute to the high current. 

Conclusion: in a conclusion, the result shows that i have achieve the objective. 

week 11

Title:   calibrate and troubleshooting 

Objective:  To calibrate and troubleshoot the prototype


Analysis/Discussion: for this week, I need to calibrate the prototype to make my project turn 180 degrees right or left, so I adjust the coding to make the prototype perfect turn. this because of the motor dc 60 rpm with no load, so that when the prototype has a load the motor not same rpm and because of that the prototype need time to get the best result. so i adjust the delay from my coding to make turn 180 degrees.

the coding :     else if (distance < 40 && i == 1)
  {
    digitalWrite(led, LOW); // LED 1(no obstacle) OFF 
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); // LED 2(obstacle) ON 
    //Make 180 turn to right 
//    digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
//    digitalWrite(led4, LOW); //dummy utk turn left
    motorLeft();
    delay(6350); //delay kne buat bg ckup masa utk motor buat pusingan
    i = 0;
  }
  
  else if (distance < 40 && i == 0) 
  {
    digitalWrite(led, LOW); // LED 1(no obstacle) OFF 
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); // LED 2(obstacle) ON 
    //Make 180 turn to left 
//    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
//    digitalWrite(led4, HIGH); //dummy utk turn left
    motorRight();
    delay(6350); //delay kne buat bg ckup masa utk motor buat pusingan
    i = 1;
  }


                         

the video above showed the calibration of the hardware.

Conclusion: as a conclusion, i have done the calibration and troubleshooting the prototype.

week 10

Title:  Assemble the hardware

Objective:  To assemble the component into the prototype 

Analysis/Discussion: for this week progress, after the component has been tested I proceed with the prototype. I have built the structure of my land mower based on the prospect I have made. The process includes compiling component into the prototype.

The picture  above shows the structure of my prototype 

After assembling all component into the  prototype  i test again the component to make sure the prototype it's working.

this the video my prototype.

Conclusion: as a conclusion, for this week make the prototype is achieved. 

week 9

Title:  create a program land mower  in arduino 

Objective:  To make the real program for the land mower 

Analysis/Discussion: for this week, I create the program for my product using Arduino.


#define trigPin 13
#define echoPin 12
#define led 8
#define led2 9
#define led3 100
#define led4 11

int i=0;// motor one
int enA = 6;
int in1 = 5;
int in2 = 4;
// motor two
int enB = 3;
int in3 = 2;
int in4 = 7;

  
void setup() {
  Serial.begin (9600);
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // indicates no obstacle (>40cm)
  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT); // indicates obstacle present (<40cm)
 // pinMode(led3, OUTPUT); //dummy utk turn right
 // pinMode(led4, OUTPUT); //dummy utk turn left
  pinMode(enA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(enB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in4, OUTPUT);
   
}

void loop() 
{ 
  long duration, distance;
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);  // Added this line
  delayMicroseconds(2); // Added this line
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
//  delayMicroseconds(1000); - Removed this line
  delayMicroseconds(10); // Added this line
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;

  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");
  Serial.print("I = ");
  Serial.println(i);
  Serial.println();
    
  if (distance > 40 && (i==0 || i==1)) // indicates no obstacle (>40cm)
  {  
    digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // When the Red condition is met, the Green LED should turn off
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
//    digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
//    digitalWrite(led4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(enA, 255);  
  digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
  analogWrite(enB, 255);

  }

    else if (distance < 40 && i == 1)
  {
    digitalWrite(led, LOW); // LED 1(no obstacle) OFF 
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); // LED 2(obstacle) ON 
    //Make 180 turn to right 
//    digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
//    digitalWrite(led4, LOW); //dummy utk turn left
    motorLeft();
    delay(6350); //delay kne buat bg ckup masa utk motor buat pusingan
    i = 0;
  }
  
  else if (distance < 40 && i == 0) 
  {
    digitalWrite(led, LOW); // LED 1(no obstacle) OFF 
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); // LED 2(obstacle) ON 
    //Make 180 turn to left 
//    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
//    digitalWrite(led4, HIGH); //dummy utk turn left
    motorRight();
    delay(6350); //delay kne buat bg ckup masa utk motor buat pusingan
    i = 1;
  }
  
  delay(10);
}

void motorLeft ()
{
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(enA, 255);  
  digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
  analogWrite(enB, 255);
  
}

void motorRight ()
{
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
  analogWrite(enA, 255);  
  digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
  analogWrite(enB, 255); 
  

}

Conclusion: as a conclusion, this week i focus for the program and the program its already test in hardware also working well but not calibrate in prototype. 

week 8

Title:  test the hardware 

Objective:  To test the hardware whether it's working well or not.

Analysis/Discussion: for this week, I want to the hardware such as motor dc 12v 60 rpm, motor driver L298n and solar charger controller, furthermore this week I got solar panel I order last week 

Conclusion: as a conclusion, the motor i make a refund and buy another 2 motor dc same rpm for my backup, and solar charger controller i buy for because of that  solar charger might have a problem     

week 7

Title:  survey other components  and Test sensor 

Objective:  buy another component and test the sensor either its working well or not.

Analysis/Discussion: for this week, I go to Jalan Pasar again, to buy another component which is solar panel 12v 10W, motor 12 30rpm, battery 12v 7.2ah 

furthermore, this week also do some test for ultrasonic sensor, to check either that sensor working well or not.

Conclusion: as a conclusion, all the component has been bought except solar panel because too expensive and over budget so I decide to buy online. After that for the test, the result of testing is working well and the sensor is very accurate.

week 6

Title: Briefing FYP 2  and Flowchart 

Objective:  To know how to write chapter 4 chapter 5 and to finalize the flow chart.

Analysis/Discussion: For this week, I go the second briefing they teach how to write chapter 4 (Result and discussion )  and chapter 5 ( conclusion and recommendation )

Chapter 4

• 4.1 introduction 
• 4.2 Result 
• 4.3 Discussion 

chapter 5 

• 5.1 Introduction 
• 5.2 Conclusion 
• 5.3 Recommendation

furthermore, i need to finalize the flow chart so that I know the process for my project. so i used the previous semester flowchart in my proposal.

For this project, the flowchart is used to make an easy way to understand the flow of the project. When the power supply is given the system is turned ON and the prototype will move forward after that if any obstacle  the prototype will move left or right at 180 degrees, after that the prototype move forward again and follow the pattern Until the process is finished the program will turn OFF

Conclusion:  As a conclusion, I decided to finalize the  flowchart, so that how the process for my project and how to write the report chapter 4 and chapter 5 

week 5

Title: Block diagram

Objective: To finalize the block diagram 

Analysis/Discussion:     For this week, I need to finalize my block diagram for my project, so that I used the same block diagram in my proposal last semester.

            

  

  To make this system working, there must have the input, process, and output. For this project, the ultrasonic sensor is used as an input. This is because the ultrasonic sensor will sense if there is any obstacle in front or not. If there is an obstacle, the ultrasonic sensor will send the information to the Arduino which is Arduino will work as a process. After Arduino gets the information, it will process the information, and finally, the information will send to output which is the output is two motor for tires as working one for left tire and one for right tire . After the output gets the information, then the motor will start working. Another output is motor for cutter to cut the grass and the output depends on motor driver and relay. After that, the input for the supply is the solar penal and battery.   

Conclusion: As a conclusion now i know the concept or system for my project and the other component will be used.  

Week 4

Title:  Survey sensor and other components 

Objective:  To survey the main component for my project 

Analysis/Discussion: For this particular week, i went to robotedu.com at seri Kembangan this week to browse and purchase the hardware equipment which is required to build a land mower 

 so for this part, i buy the sensor sr_04, Arduino Uno R3 and motor driver L298N.

After that, i went to robotedu.com at Jalan Pasar near Kampung Baru to buy solar charger controller.

week 3

Title: FYP briefing

Objective: To briefing of FYP handbook, Project Development, Progress Report, Final Report, Attendance, Assessment forms.

Analysis/Discussion:

This meeting was held was by Dr. Siti Marwangi

 Student need to update the logbook/blog regularly

 The student must meet supervisor for consultation

 Attendance that below than 80% will be bared

  Fyp assessment :

 progress report (logbook/blog) - 20%

Presentation                              - 40%

Final Year Project Report         - 40%

Industry Day (presentation)

 Presentation and demonstration of Final Year Project II will be on week 14, Wednesday ( 2 May 2018)

 The student has to prepare FYP poster, results of project and prototype.

Week 2

Title: Choose the hardware and software

Objective: To finalize and identify the suitable software and hardware to be used for the project

Analysis/Discussion: After further understanding, here are the final hardware and software that will be used for the project:

Hardware:

NO.	ITEM	UNIT	PRICE
1	Arduino	1x	RM 50
2	Relay	1x	RM 3
3	Motor 12vdc	3x	RM 75
4	Ultrasonic sensor	1x	RM 10
6	Solar penal	1x	RM 40
7	Battery 12v 8ah	1x	RM 65
8	Motor driver	1x	RM 6
9	Jumper wire	1x(100m)	RM 18
TOTAL			RM 267

Software:

Arduino Software                 

      I use this software to write the program of the project .Furthermore i use this Arduino also simplifies the process of working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over other systems:

1.   . Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than RM30 made in china, RM 60 made in itali
2.  Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
3.  Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino programming environment is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with the look and feel of Arduino
4.  Open source and extensible software- The Arduino software is published as open source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.
5.  Open source and extensible hardware - The Arduino is based on Atmel's ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168 microcontrollers. The plans for the modules are published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it works and save money.

Conclusion:  As a conclusion, I decided to finalize the hardware and software for my final year   project 2